4/15/2023 0 Comments Define somatic nervous system![]() The dashed arrow indicates that the body part is copied as an 'internal model' in the cerebellum. The visual cortex (VC) mediates feedback from the body part to the motor cortex. According to 'instructions' from the premotor cortex (P), an area in the motor cortex (controller, or CT) sends impulses to the controlled object (CO a body part). 'Forward' ( a) and 'inverse' ( b) model control systems for movement. Sensory impulses from throughout the body), and association areas (for 'folded', with upfolded areas called gyri & depressions or grooves called sulciĪreas (initiate impulses that will cause contraction of skeletal muscles) Peduncles - ascending & descending fiber tractsģ - Origin of two cranial nerves (III or oculomotor & IV or trochlear)Ģ - consists of 2 hemispheres divided by a fissureģ - includes cerebral cortex, medullary body, & basal ganglia:Ĭonsists of gray matter (cell bodies & synapses no myelin) That operate when it is necessary to move the head so that sounds can be They also contain the hearing reflex centers Visual reflexes, such as those responsible for moving the eyes to view The "corpora quadrigemina." These masses contain the centers for certain Midbrain mark the location of four nuclei, which are called collectively Quadrigemina - visual reflexes & relay center for auditory information.Two pairs of rounded knobs on the upper surface of the (motor) nerve fibers connecting the brain and spinal cord pass through All the ascending (sensory) and descending It is continuous with the spinal cordĪt the foramen magnum. The medulla oblongata, or simply medulla, extends This region primarily consists of nerveįibers that form conduction tracts between the higher brain centersĪnd spinal cord. The midbrain is the most superior portion of the brain stem. It consists of three parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The brain stem is the region between the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus) and the spinal cord. VII or facial, & VIII or vestibulocochlear)ģ - contains pneumotaxic center (a respiratory center) X or vagus, XI or accessory, & XII or hypoglossal) Pons -ġ - Bridge connecting spinal cord w/ brain & parts of brain w/Ģ - Origin of four cranial nerves (V or trigeminal, VI or abducens, Vasomoter center, which regulates the diameter of blood vesselsĤ - origin of five cranial nerves (VIII or vestibulocochlear, IX or glossopharyngeal, ![]() Respiratory center, which regulates the basic rhythm of breathing ![]() The spinal cord & various parts of the brainĬardioinhibitory center, which regulates heart rate Medulla (also called medulla oblongata) -Ģ - contains ascending & descending tracts that communicate between (6) is the top of the spinal cord (Source: Wikipedia). The divisions of the brain include the (1) cerebrum, (2) thalamus, (3) midbrain, Sympathetic division - also called the 'fight or flight' division importantġ - Myelencephalon, which includes the medullaĢ - Metencephalon, which includes the pons and cerebellumģ - Mesencephalon, which includes the midbrain (tectum and tegmentum)Ĥ - Diencephalon, which includes the thalamus and hypothalamusĥ - Telencephalon, which includes the cerebrum (cerebral cortex, basal Parasympathetic division - important for control of 'normal' body functions,Į.g., normal operation of digestive system Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands) make up the Autonomic Nervous The visceral motor fibers (those supplying The skin, skeletal muscles, joints, & tendonsĢ - Visceral - supplies & receives fibers to & from smooth The Human Nervous System consists of the Central Nervous System & the Peripheral Nervous System.Ģ - Spinal nerves (31 pair) & their branchesġ - Somatic - supplies & receives fibers (neurons) to & from Human Physiology - Neurons & the Nervous System II
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